Abdumalik displayed a prodigious talent for chess from a young age, securing her first international recognition by winning the Under-8 girls section of the 2008 World Youth Chess Championship. She followed this up with wins in the Under-10 and Under-12 categories in 2009 and 2011 respectively. In 2013, she secured the Woman International Master title. Abdumalik became the World Junior Girl Chess Champion in 2014, and the Asian Youth Girls Champion in 2015, the same year she earned the Woman Grandmaster title.
She has participated in five Women's Chess Olympiads, commencing in 2010 when she was just 10 years old. Her most notable result came in 2018 when she secured a bronze medal for her individual performance. Besides that, she has competed in the Women's World Chess Championship for four times starting from 2015.