future 2

The famous American orientalist, Professor ................... (1881–1969) said: "The western world has a vast unpaid debt to the Persian Civilization!".

in Persian language chess called "Shatranj" oh EXCUSE ME in English "Shatranj" called chess.
k: "Shah" (means king) mate: "maat"(means dumbstruck or aghast or desperate) check: "kish"(means leave this place or go away) & Q: "Farzin" or "Vazir" (vizier or minister ) N: "Asb" (horse) B: "Fill" or "Phil" (elephant) P: "Piadeh" or "Sarbaz" ( soldier or infantry) R: "Rukh" or "qaala" or "Dezh" (nowadays Rukh(Rook,Roc) in Persian means visage, rukh also meant a heavily fortified chariot in Persian Empire, but in traditional text it was champion or huge legendary bird that was enable to pick elephants & horse up for food! like that bird who Sinbad tied himself to the giant roc's leg in One Thousand and One Nights, its not an Arabic story originaly).