Originally posted by kirksey957c'mon ... he/she's 14 years old ...
What, in your opinion, in the secret as to why the Germans and Japanese make such good cars?
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_plan#Revisionist_Arguments
"The Marshall Plan, known officially following its enactment as the European Recovery Program (ERP), was the primary plan of the United States for rebuilding the allied countries of Europe and repelling communism after World War II. The initiative was named for United States Secretary of State George Marshall and was largely the creation of State Department officials, especially William L. Clayton and George F. Kennan.
The reconstruction plan was developed at a meeting of the participating European states in July 1947. The Marshall Plan offered the same aid to the Soviet Union and its allies, if they would make political reforms and accept certain outside controls. In fact, America worried that the Soviet Union would take advantage of the plan and therefore made the terms deliberately hard for the USSR to accept. The plan was in operation for four fiscal years beginning in July 1947. During that period some $13 billion of economic and technical assistance, equivalent to around $130 billion in 2006, when adjusted for inflation, was given to help the recovery of the European countries which had joined in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development.
By the time the plan had come to completion, the economy of every participant state, with the exception of Germany, had grown well past pre-war levels. Over the next two decades, Western Europe as a whole would enjoy unprecedented growth and prosperity. The Marshall Plan has also long been seen as one of the first elements of European integration, as it erased tariff trade barriers and set up institutions to coordinate the economy on a continental level. An intended consequence was the systematic adoption of American managerial techniques."
recently a newsweek article (or an article in the economist?) mentioned that Japan pays 10 percent (?) of the cost of the US forces in Japan. that seems quite a significant discount. (i'll go look for the article when i have time; did not see this figure provided on wikipedia.)
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupied_Japan
"Once the food network was in place, at a cost of up to US$1 million a day, MacArthur set out to win the support of Hirohito. "
(p.s. that's up to $356M/year.)
"Accomplishments of the Occupation
[edit]
Disarmament
Japan's postwar Constitution, adopted under Allied supervision, included a "Peace Clause" (Article 9), which renounced war and banned Japan from maintaining any armed forces. This was intended to prevent the country from ever becoming an aggressive military power again. However, within less than a decade, America was pressuring Japan to rebuild its army as a bulwark against Communism in Asia after these Chinese Revolution and the Korean War, and Japan established Self-Defense Forces. Traditionally, Japan's military spending has been restricted to about 1% of its GNP, though this is by popular practice, not law, and has fluctuated up and down from this figure (see Defense budget of Japan). Even so, at $46.9 billion in 2003, Japan's defense budget is the second-largest in the world, at 5% of the worldwide total spent on defense. Recently, Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi and other politicians have tried to repeal or amend the clause.
[edit]
Liberalization
The Allies attempted to dismantle the Japanese Zaibatsu. However, the Japanese resisted these attempts, claiming that the zaibatsu were required in order for Japan to compete internationally, and looser industrial groupings known as keiretsu evolved. A major land reform was also conducted, and five million acres (20,000 km²😉 of land were taken out of the hands of landlords and given to the farmers who worked them.
[edit]
Democratization
In 1946, the Diet ratified a new Constitution of Japan which followed closely a 'model copy' prepared by the Occupational authorities, and was promulgated as an amendment to the old Prussian-style Meiji Constitution. The new constitiution guaranteed basic freedoms and civil liberties, abolished nobility, and, perhaps most importantly, made the emperor the symbol of Japan, removing him from politics. Shinto was abolished as a state religion, and Christianity reappeared in the open for the first time in decades. Women gained the right to vote, and in April of that year, 14 million turned out for the election that gave Japan its first modern prime minister, Shigeru Yoshida.
[edit]
Unionization
This turned out to be one of the greatest hurdles of the occupation, as communism had become increasingly popular among the poorer Japanese workers for several decades, and took advantage of Japan's recent left-leaning atmosphere. In February 1947, Japan's workers were ready to call a general strike, in an attempt to take over their factories; MacArthur warned that he would not allow such a strike to take place, and the unions eventually relented, making them lose face and effectively subduing them for the remainder of the occupation.
[edit]
Education reform
Before and during the war, Japanese education was based on the German system, with gymnasiums and universities to train students after primary school. During the occupation, Japan's secondary education system was changed to incorporate three-year junior high schools and senior high schools similar to those in the US: junior high became compulsory, but senior high remained optional. The Imperial Rescript on Education was repealed, and the Imperial University system reorganized. The longstanding issue of restricting Kanji usage, which had been planned for decades but continuously opposed by more conservative elements, was also resolved during this time. The Japanese written system was drastically reorganized to give the Toyo Kanji, predecessor of today's Jōyō kanji, and grammar was greatly altered to reflect conversational usage.
Hideki Tojo takes the stand at the Tokyo war crimes tribunal[edit]
Purging of war leaders
While these other reforms were taking place, various military tribunals, most notably the International Military Tribunal for the Far East in Ichigaya, were trying Japan's war criminals and sentencing many to death and imprisonment. Once Japan's wartime leaders were weeded out, a generation of junior officers was ready to take command of the country."
see also
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._Edwards_Deming
"After World War II, Deming was involved in early planning for the 1951 Japanese Census. His expertise, combined with his involvement in Japanese society, led to his receiving an invitation by the Japanese Union of Scientists and Engineers (JUSE).
The JUSE members had studied Shewhart's techniques, and as part of Japan's reconstruction efforts they sought an expert to teach statistical control. In 1950, Deming gave the first of a dozen or so lectures on Statistical Quality Control (SQC). Unlike his previous lectures, he aimed this message at Japan's chief executives: improving quality will reduce expenses while increasing productivity and market share.
Several Japanese manufacturers applied his techniques widely, and experienced new international demand for Japanese products.
In 1960, Deming became the first American to receive the Second Order of the Sacred Treasures from Prime Minister Nobusuke Kishi. An accompanying citation stated that the people of Japan attributed the rebirth and success of their industry to his work."
Originally posted by zeeblebotThree recs from me, Z.
see also
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._Edwards_Deming
"After World War II, Deming was involved in early planning for the 1951 Japanese Census. His expertise, combined with his involvement in Japanese society, led to his receiving an invitation by the Japanese Union of Scientists and Engineers (JUSE).
The JUSE members had studied Shewhart's techn ...[text shortened]... that the people of Japan attributed the rebirth and success of their industry to his work."
Originally posted by zeeblebotAt first zeeblebot:
thanks 🙂
He/She has a name! My real name is Bolko and the name you should know every way is alive 69!
2:I didn't read your text because it's too long can't you cut your speech about?😀😛
3.I'll go to bed now and continue discuss with you guys tommorow.....
By the way..........if you think 14-years-old-kids are too stupid, i'll make table and beat you immediatly.............😠
Greetings Bolko
Originally posted by alive 69There isn't really much of a point to it. Even if nothing else it has been interesting to see how people react to it. I don't agree with either of the symbols it represents. It has nothing to do with this thread I forgot about it when putting it up and only just remembered now.
What's your point with the picture next to your name?
The nazi-cross.....
Don't know the english word fot it!
What do you want to say with it?
Greetings Bolko
The English word for it is a swastika.
Originally posted by Will Everittswastika? Why swastika?
There isn't really much of a point to it. Even if nothing else it has been interesting to see how people react to it. I don't agree with either of the symbols it represents. It has nothing to do with this thread I forgot about it when putting it up and only just remembered now.
The English word for it is a swastika.
In german it is Hakenkreuz.......